IOC Focal points: Question 2.12: In the context of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development for which of the following Ocean Decade Challenges are capacity development needs greatest in your country?

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Country	Institution	Your Position	Gender	CHALLENGE 1: Understand and map land and sea-based sources of pollutants and contaminants and their potential impacts on human health and ocean ecosystems, and develop solutions to remove or mitigate them.	CHALLENGE 2: Understand the effects of multiple stressors on ocean ecosystems, and develop solutions to monitor, protect, manage and restore ecosystems and their biodiversity under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.	CHALLENGE 3: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions to optimise the role of the ocean in sustainably feeding the world’s population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.	CHALLENGE 4: Generate knowledge, support innovation, and develop solutions for equitable and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.	CHALLENGE 5: Enhance understanding of the ocean-climate nexus and generate knowledge and solutions to mitigate, adapt and build resilience to the effects of climate change across all geographies and at all scales, and to improve services including predictions for the ocean, climate and weather.
Argentina	Servicio de HidrografÃa Naval	Technical Secretary	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential
Benin	Institut de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin (IRHOB)	Director		Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Chile	CHILEAN NAVY HYDROGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICE	DIRECTOR	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Essential	Essential
Colombia	Colombian Ocean Commission	International Adviser	Female	Essential	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Essential
Comoros	Université des Comores	Lecturer	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	State Hydro-Meteorological Administration	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Egypt	National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries	President of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
El Salvador	Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales	Especialista en Oceanografía	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Estonia	Ministry of the Environment of Estonia	Coordinator	Male	Essential	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance
Finland	Finnish Meteorological Institute	Safety, Head of Group	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Very Important	Essential
France	Comité national français pour la COI	Présidente	Female	Essential	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important
Germany	Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency	Secretariat of German IOC-Section	Male	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance
Guinea	Centre de Recherche Scientifique de Conakry Rogbanè (CERESCOR)	Chercheur Océanographe / Directeur Ecole Doctorale en Océanographie, Environnement Marin et Côtier	Male	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential
India	INCOIS	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Essential
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science	Director	Male	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance
Kenya	Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute	Director-Focal Point 3	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Very Important
Kuwait	Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research	Principal Research Scientist, Kuwait Representative to IOC	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Lebanon	National Centre for Marine Sciences-CNRSL	Director of the Centre & Researcher	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Mexico	MEXICO NODC	Coordinator	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential	Essential
Morocco	INRH	National Focal Point	Male
Nigeria	Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Very Important
Pakistan	National Institute of Oceanography	Senior Research Scientist	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Panama	Autoridad Marítima de Panamá	Jefe de Ambiente	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Peru	DirecciÃ³n de HidrografÃa y NavegaciÃ³n – PerÃº	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Portugal	Instituto Hidrografico	Oceanographer	Female	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know
Sudan	UNESCO Chair on Marine Biology and Oceanography / Sudan	Chairholder	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Very Important
Sweden	SMHI	Senior oceanographer/data manager	Female	Of Some Importance	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance
Togo	University of Lome	Lecturer, IOC National Focal Point	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Tunisia	Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM)	Professor	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential
United Republic of Tanzania	Institute of Marine Sciences, UDSM	PO box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Male	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential
Vietnam	Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology	Director	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential	Essential
ADDITIONAL
Ecuador	Instituto Oceanográfico y Antártico de la Armada	Investigador Oceanográfico	Female	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Essential

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Country	Institution	Your Position	Gender	CHALLENGE 6: Enhance multi-hazard early warning services for all geophysical, ecological, biological, weather, climate and anthropogenic related ocean and coastal hazards, and mainstream community preparedness and resilience.	CHALLENGE 7: Ensure a sustainable ocean observing system across all ocean basins that delivers accessible, timely, and actionable data and information to all users.	CHALLENGE 8: Through multi-stakeholder collaboration, develop a comprehensive digital representation of the ocean, including a dynamic ocean map, which provides free and open access for exploring, discovering, and visualizing past, current, and future ocean conditions in a manner relevant to diverse stakeholders.	CHALLENGE 9: Ensure comprehensive capacity development and equitable access to data, information, knowledge and technology across all aspects of ocean science and for all stakeholders.	CHALLENGE 10: Ensure that the multiple values and services of the ocean for human wellbeing, culture, and sustainable development are widely understood, and identify and overcome barriers to behaviour change required for a step change in humanity’srelationship with the ocean.
Argentina	Servicio de HidrografÃa Naval	Technical Secretary	Male	Very Important	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential
Benin	Institut de Recherches Halieutiques et Océanologiques du Bénin (IRHOB)	Director		Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Chile	CHILEAN NAVY HYDROGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICE	DIRECTOR	Male	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Very Important
Colombia	Colombian Ocean Commission	International Adviser	Female	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Essential
Comoros	Université des Comores	Lecturer	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	State Hydro-Meteorological Administration	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Very Important
Egypt	National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries	President of National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance
El Salvador	Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales	Especialista en Oceanografía	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Estonia	Ministry of the Environment of Estonia	Coordinator	Male	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance
Finland	Finnish Meteorological Institute	Safety, Head of Group	Female	Very Important	Essential	Of Some Importance	Very Important	Essential
France	Comité national français pour la COI	Présidente	Female	Essential	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Essential	Essential
Germany	Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency	Secretariat of German IOC-Section	Male	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance	Of Some Importance
Guinea	Centre de Recherche Scientifique de Conakry Rogbanè (CERESCOR)	Chercheur Océanographe / Directeur Ecole Doctorale en Océanographie, Environnement Marin et Côtier	Male	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Very Important
India	INCOIS	Director	Male	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Essential
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Very Important	Of Some Importance
Kenya	Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute	Director-Focal Point 3	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Kuwait	Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research	Principal Research Scientist, Kuwait Representative to IOC	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Essential
Lebanon	National Centre for Marine Sciences-CNRSL	Director of the Centre & Researcher	Male	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Mexico	MEXICO NODC	Coordinator	Male	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential	Essential
Morocco	INRH	National Focal Point	Male
Nigeria	Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Pakistan	National Institute of Oceanography	Senior Research Scientist	Female	Very Important	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important
Panama	Autoridad Marítima de Panamá	Jefe de Ambiente	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Peru	DirecciÃ³n de HidrografÃa y NavegaciÃ³n – PerÃº	Director	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Portugal	Instituto Hidrografico	Oceanographer	Female	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know	I don’t know
Sudan	UNESCO Chair on Marine Biology and Oceanography / Sudan	Chairholder	Male	Very Important	Of Some Importance	Not At All	Not At All	Essential
Sweden	SMHI	Senior oceanographer/data manager	Female	Of Some Importance	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance
Togo	University of Lome	Lecturer, IOC National Focal Point	Male	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important
Tunisia	Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM)	Professor	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Very Important	Essential
United Republic of Tanzania	Institute of Marine Sciences, UDSM	PO box 668, Zanzibar, Tanzania	Male	Essential	Essential	Very Important	Essential	Essential
Vietnam	Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology	Director	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Essential	Very Important	Very Important
ADDITIONAL
Ecuador	Instituto Oceanográfico y Antártico de la Armada	Investigador Oceanográfico	Female	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Very Important	Of Some Importance